Xov Xwm - Kev Ua Raws Cai LFGB thiab FDA rau Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Chav Ua Noj Uas Ua Los Ntawm Ntoo: Cov Kev Txwv Kev Hloov Pauv Formaldehyde, Kev Ntsuas Kev Hloov Pauv Txheej, thiab Daim Ntawv Teev Cov Ntaub Ntawv

LFGB thiab FDA yog ob lub hauv paus tswj hwm tseem ceeb uas tswj cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo hauv cov lag luam European thiab Asmeskas.
Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm formaldehyde los ntawm cov laug cam ntoo yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 15 mg / kg raws li cov qauv kuaj EU.
Kev ntsuam xyuas kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntsuas ob qho tib si kev hloov pauv tag nrho (10 mg / dm2 EU txwv) thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb.
Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum muaj xya daim ntawv tseem ceeb: cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv, cov ntawv qhia kev sim, DoC, daim ntawv pov thawj FSC, kev tshuaj xyuas GMP, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab cov ntawv qhia txog cov tshuaj txwv.
Kev txuas ntxiv kev kuaj xyuas txhua xyoo yog qhov pom zoo txawm tias tsis muaj kev hloov pauv khoom kom nyob twj ywm nrog cov cai uas hloov pauv tas li.
Daim ntawv pov thawj FSC txhawb nqa tab sis tsis hloov qhov kev kuaj xyuas kev ua raws li kev sib cuag zaub mov.

Cov Ntsiab Lus

Cov Kev Cai Lij Choj rau Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Chav Ua Noj Uas Ua Los Ntawm Ntoo

Peb pab cov neeg xa khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws coj cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj uas yog ntoo thiab xyoob mus rau hauv EU lossis Tebchaws Meskas uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai ntawm cov khoom siv sib cuag nrog zaub mov uas txawv ntawm cov khw. Rau cov neeg xa khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws los ntawm peb lub hauv paus tsim khoom, kev nkag siab txog cov kev cai no yog lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev npaj xa khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws. Ib qho kev tshawb pom tsis ua raws li txoj cai tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev rov qab hu thiab ua rau lub koob npe puas tsuaj mus ntev.

Peb siv ob txoj cai tseem ceeb uas tswj cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo: LFGB thiab EU Txoj Cai 1935/2004 hauv Tebchaws Europe, thiab FDA txoj cai hauv qab 21 CFR hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si ua kom cov khoom siv sib cuag zaub mov tsis xa cov tshuaj lom, lawv txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem kuaj, kev txwv, thiab kev siv zog. Peb tau tsim peb covDaim ntawv pov thawj khoom siv hauv chav ua noj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau zaub movqhov kev pab cuam kom tau ntsib ob qho tib lub sijhawm.

Peb tsab xov xwm no hais txog cov kev txwv ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw formaldehyde, kev ntsuam xyuas kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov txheej txheej, thiab cov npe teev cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg xa khoom tuaj.

Rooj txiav xyoob uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau zaub mov tau ntawv pov thawj LFGB thiab FDA ua raws li txoj cai

Lub rooj txiav xyoob ua los ntawm xyoob kom ua tau raws li LFGB thiab FDA cov khoom siv sib cuag zaub mov.

LFGB Framework: Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Tus Qauv Kub rau Kev Sib Cuag Khoom Noj

LFGB (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch) yog peb txoj Cai Khoom Noj thiab Khoom Noj German. Nws tau dhau los ua tus qauv EU vim tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees yog lub khw muag khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab cov kev cai LFGB nruj dua li qhov pib thoob plaws EU. Cov khoom lag luam uas dhau qhov kev kuaj LFGB tuaj yeem muag tau thoob plaws txhua lub tebchaws EU.

Peb pab neeg ua kom txhua pawg ua tau raws li peb cov qauv ua ntej xa khoom.

Kev Txwv Kev Tsiv Teb Tsaws Chaw Tag Nrho

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm LFGB kev kuaj xyuas kev sib cuag zaub mov yog peb qhov kev txwv kev sib kis tag nrho, uas txwv tag nrho cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem sib kis los ntawm cov khoom siv sib cuag zaub mov mus rau hauv cov zaub mov lossis cov khoom noj sib xws ntawm 10 mg / dm2. Qhov kev txwv no siv rau txhua yam khoom siv sib cuag zaub mov tsis hais lawv cov khoom sib xyaw, suav nrog ntoo, xyoob, yas, hlau, thiab ceramics. Rau cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo, kev kuaj xyuas kev sib kis tag nrho yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov khoom noj sib xws uas tau teev tseg hauvTxoj Cai Tswjfwm EU 1935/2004, suav nrog dej distilled, 3% acetic acid kua, 10% ethanol kua, thiab roj txiv roj, nyob ntawm seb hom khoom noj twg uas cov khoom no xav kov.

Peb ua kev ntsuam xyuas kev hnov lus hauv peb lub chaw ua ntej xa tawm.

Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Xav

Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kuaj LFGB yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntsuas qhov kev xav tau, uas kuaj seb cov khoom puas muaj ntxhiab tsw lossis saj tsis zoo rau cov khoom noj. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo, vim tias ntoo ntuj thiab xyoob tuaj yeem tso tawm cov organic sib xyaw uas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom noj. Cov khoom uas dhau qhov kev xeem tshuaj lom neeg tab sis tsis dhau qhov kev ntsuas sensory yuav tsis tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj LFGB. Peb cov txheej txheem tsim khoom suav nrog kev tswj kom qhuav thiab kho kom zoo uas txo cov khoom seem hauv peb cov khoom.Cov khoom xyoob uas tau ntawv pov thawj FSC, xyuas kom meej tias muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev hnov lus thoob plaws peb cov khoom lag luam.

Cov Kev Cai ntawm FDA: 21 CFR thiab Cov Ntawv Ceeb Toom Txog Kev Sib Chwv Khoom Noj

Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov khoom siv sib cuag nrog zaub mov raug tswj hwm raws li Txoj Cai Lij Choj Khoom Noj, Tshuaj, thiab Tshuaj Pleev Xim ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws, nrog rau cov cai tshwj xeeb hauv21 CFR Qhov 175 txog 178Tsis zoo li EU txoj kev txwv kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw tag nrho, FDA soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv ib qho zuj ib qho, xav txog cov tshuaj uas muaj nyob, hom zaub mov, thiab cov xwm txheej siv.

Peb pab neeg ua raws li txoj cai saib xyuas cov kev cai ntawm FDA rau peb cov khoom.

21 CFR 175.300: Cov Tshuaj Pleev Xim Resinous thiab Polymeric

Rau peb cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo uas muaj cov txheej pleev, 21 CFR 175.300 tsim cov kev txwv ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm ntau hom khoom noj. Peb cov txheej pleev dej ntawm peb cov khoom ua tau raws li cov kev txwv no ntawm txhua pawg khoom noj.

Feem ntau lees paub tias muaj kev nyab xeeb (GRAS)

Ntoo thiab xyoob hauv lawv lub xeev ntuj feem ntau lees paub tias muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev sib cuag zaub mov thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau kev pom zoo ua ntej FDA ua lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej GRAS no tsuas yog siv rau peb cov khoom siv raw. Thaum cov nplaum, cov tshuaj pleev xim, cov khoom tiav, lossis lwm yam kev kho mob tau siv, peb cov khoom tiav lawm yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam seb puas ua raws li peb cov cai 21 CFR.FDA cov khoom xyaw thiab cov ntim khoom nojLub chaw muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia uas pab cov neeg xa khoom tuaj txiav txim siab seb cov cai twg siv rau lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj rau Asmeskas kev lag luam yuav tsum thov cov ntawv qhia kev xeem los ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam uas tau lees paub uas hais txog cov kev cai 21 CFR uas siv rau lawv cov khoom cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev siv.

Kev Txwv Kev Tsiv Mus Los ntawm Formaldehyde: Cov lej uas tseem ceeb

Formaldehyde raug saib xyuas ze rau hauv kev ua raws li cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo vim nws tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv cov nplaum, cov tshuaj pleev xim, thiab ua ib qho tshuaj uas tshwm sim ntuj hauv qee hom ntoo. Ob lub EU thiab Tebchaws Meskas cov neeg tswj hwm tau tsim cov kev txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau hauv av.

Cov Cai Tswjfwm	Kev Txwv Kev Tsiv Mus Los ntawm Formaldehyde	Kev Ntsuas Txheem	Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Simulation
Txoj Cai Tswjfwm EU 1935/2004	15 mg/kg khoom noj khoom haus simulant	EN1186 series	Dej, 3% acetic acid
Lub Tebchaws Yelemees LFGB (BfR)	15 mg/kg (qee pawg qis dua)	DIN EN 1186 / LMBG B 82.10	Dej, 3% acetic acid
FDA 21 CFR	Kev ntsuam xyuas ib rooj plaub zuj zus	Cov txheej txheem ASTM / FDA	Txawv ntawm hom khoom noj
Tuam Tshoj GB 4806	15 mg/kg (rau xyoob/ntoo)	GB 31604.48	4% acetic acid

Qhov txwv ntawm EU formaldehyde migration ntawm 15 mg / kg siv thaum cov khoom raug sim siv cov khoom noj khoom haus simulants teev nyob rau hauvTxoj Cai Tswjfwm EU 1935/2004thiab peb cov xwm txheej xeem uas tau teev tseg hauv EN 1186 series. Rau cov khoom siv rau txhua hom khoom noj, kev sim feem ntau yog ua nrog ob qho tib si dej thiab roj zaub mov simulants kom npog tag nrho cov xwm txheej sib cuag zaub mov.Lub Koom Haum German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)muab cov kev xav thiab cov lus qhia ntxiv txog kev tshawb fawb uas feem ntau qhia txog kev txhais lus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev txwv no.

Rau cov rooj txiav xyoob, kev pheej hmoo ntawm formaldehyde feem ntau yog los ntawm cov nplaum siv rau hauv kev lamination, tsis yog los ntawm cov khoom xyoob nws tus kheej. Kev siv cov nplaum qib zaub mov tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo no ntawm qhov chaw.

Kev Ntsuas Kev Hloov Pauv Rau Cov Khoom Lacquered thiab Varnished

Ntau yam khoom siv hauv chav ua noj uas ua los ntawm ntoo tau txais cov tshuaj pleev xim rau saum npoo kom zoo nkauj thiab ruaj khov. Cov tshuaj pleev xim no ua rau muaj cov kev cai ntxiv uas yuav tsum ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov tshuaj lom neeg nkag mus rau hauv.

Peb sim peb cov khoom siv coated siv cov txheej txheem txheem.

Kev Ntsuas Kev Hloov Chaw ntawm EU Coating

Hauv EU, cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj uas muaj txheej txheem yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj kev hloov pauv tag nrho raws li EN 1186-1, uas qhia txog cov txheej txheem kuaj, cov khoom sib xws, thiab cov xwm txheej. Qhov txwv kev hloov pauv tag nrho ntawm 10 mg / dm2 siv rau tag nrho cov tshuaj uas hloov pauv los ntawm qhov chaw txheej. Ntxiv rau kev hloov pauv tag nrho, kev kuaj xyuas kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov tshuaj uas muaj kev txwv kev hloov pauv, xws li formaldehyde, cov hlau hnyav (lead, cadmium, chromium), thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab thawj zaug.Cov khoom siv Intertekchav haujlwm thiab lwm lub chaw soj nstuam uas tau lees paub ua cov kev xeem no siv cov txheej txheem txheem uas ua kom muaj kev rov ua dua thiab sib piv tau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig.

Kev Ntsuas Cov Tshuaj Extraction ntawm FDA Txheej

Raws li FDA 21 CFR 175.300, cov txheej txheej raug kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj yaj uas ua rau cov zaub mov zoo li tsim nyog rau peb cov khoom siv. Cov kev txwv ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv raws li hom zaub mov: dej distilled rau cov zaub mov aqueous, 8% ethanol rau cov zaub mov cawv, thiab n-heptane lossis lwm yam khoom noj uas ua rau cov zaub mov rog. Cov xwm txheej kuaj, suav nrog qhov kub thiab ntev, tau teev tseg raws li cov xwm txheej siv ntawm cov khoom. Rau cov laug cam txiav uas siv tau nrog cov zaub mov kub, kev kuaj ntawm qhov kub siab yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Peb cov txheej txheej tshwj xeeb tau tsim thiab kuaj xyuas kom ua tau raws li peb cov kev txwv ntawm cov khoom siv nruj tshaj plaws thoob plaws txhua pawg zaub mov, kom ntseeg tau tias ua raws li peb cov khoom tsis hais lawv daim ntawv thov siv kawg. Peb cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem thov pebcov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ua raws li txoj cairau cov kab khoom tshwj xeeb.

Daim Ntawv Teev Cov Ntaub Ntawv rau Cov Neeg Tuaj Tebchaws EU thiab Tebchaws Meskas

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum lav ris lub luag haujlwm raws li txoj cai kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo uas lawv coj mus rau hauv EU lossis Asmeskas kev lag luam ua raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm cov khoom siv sib cuag nrog zaub mov. Kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv tiav thiab tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws li cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas kev ua lag luam thiab rau kev tiv thaiv kev ua txhaum cai.

Xya Daim Ntawv Tseem Ceeb

Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Siv (MSDS) rau txhua yam khoom siv raw suav nrog cov ntoo, xyoob, cov nplaum, cov tshuaj pleev xim, thiab cov khoom tiav. Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia txog cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ntawm txhua yam khoom siv thiab cov tshuaj phom sij uas muaj.
Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ntsuas Kev Hloov Chaw los ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam uas tau lees paub (LFGB, FDA 21 CFR, lossis ob qho tib si), uas suav nrog kev hloov chaw tag nrho, kev hloov chaw formaldehyde, thiab kev hloov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj txwv tsis pub muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv.
Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai ntawm EU (DoC) rau cov lag luam hauv Tebchaws Europe, lees paub tias cov khoom ua raws li Txoj Cai 1935/2004 thiab txhua yam kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb. Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm yuav tsum txheeb xyuas cov khoom, lub chaw tsim khoom, peb cov kev cai lij choj, thiab cov ntawv qhia kev xeem uas daim ntawv tshaj tawm yog raws li.
Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj FSC Chain of Custody yog tias cov khoom lag luam raug muag raws li qhov chaw tau los ntawm kev ruaj khov. Peb daim ntawv pov thawj FSC suav nrog cov ntoo, xyoob, thiab cov khoom ntawv raws li FSC-STD-40-004 v. 3.0.
Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Lub Hoobkas lees paub tias ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo (GMP) raws li tau txhais hauv EU Txoj Cai 2023/2006. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no yuav tsum qhia txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas zoo, thiab cov txheej txheem taug qab.
Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Khoom Siv uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov khoom siv, qhov loj me, cov xwm txheej siv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv txog kev siv tshuab. Cov ntawv no ua tus choj txuas ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li kev cai ntawm tus neeg xa khoom tuaj.
Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ntsuas Tshuaj Txwv rau cov hlau hnyav, phthalates, azo dyes, thiab lwm yam tshuaj txwv raws li EU REACH, California Proposition 65, lossis lwm yam kev cai lij choj uas siv tau hauv peb cov neeg xa khoom tuaj.

Peb khaws cov ntaub ntawv tiav rau peb cov khoom thiab hloov kho txhua xyoo kom pom tseeb txog kev hloov pauv hauv cov cai lossis kev nrhiav khoom siv. Peb pab neeg zoo ua haujlwm nrog cov chaw kuaj mob uas tau lees paub suav nrogBureau Veritasthiab Intertek kom ntseeg tau tias peb cov ntawv qhia kev xeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov lag luam xav tau tshaj plaws.

Xaiv Cov Chaw Kuaj Mob Uas Tau Txais Kev Pom Zoo

Kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ua raws li txoj cai nyob ntawm seb lub chaw kuaj mob tau lees paub li cas. Cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas kev lag luam muab qhov tseem ceeb dua rau cov ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm cov chaw kuaj mob uas tau lees paub thoob ntiaj teb.

Peb koom tes nrog cov chaw kuaj mob uas tau lees paub rau peb cov ntawv qhia kev xeem.

Yuav Tsum Nrhiav Dab Tsi Hauv Tus Khub Kuaj

Thaum xaiv lub chaw kuaj mob rau kev kuaj cov khoom siv sib cuag nrog zaub mov, cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lub chaw kuaj mob muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ISO 17025 rau cov txheej txheem kuaj mob tshwj xeeb uas xav tau, muaj kev paub dhau los nrog cov khoom lag luam uas raug kuaj mob (cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo xav tau kev npaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem kuaj mob), muab cov ntawv qhia kev kuaj mob meej thiab ntxaws ntxaws uas suav nrog txhua qhov kev ntsuas kev kuaj mob (sib xws, kub, ntev, qhov loj ntawm cov qauv), thiab tuaj yeem tshaj tawm cov ntawv qhia hauv hom ntawv uas cov tub ceev xwm hauv lub hom phiaj ntawm tus neeg xa khoom tuaj lees txais. Rau cov khoom lag luam uas xa mus rau ob qho tib si EU thiab Asmeskas kev lag luam, kev xaiv lub chaw kuaj mob uas tuaj yeem tshaj tawm cov ntawv qhia mob uas ua tau raws li ob qho tib si LFGB thiab FDA cov kev cai hauv ib qho kev pab cuam kuaj mob txo cov nqi thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov Kev Ua Phem Feem Ntau ntawm Kev Ua Raws Cai thiab Yuav Ua Li Cas Kom Tsis Txhob Muaj Lawv

Txawm tias cov neeg xa khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws uas muaj kev paub dhau los kuj tuaj yeem poob rau hauv qhov ntxiab uas ua rau muaj kev ncua sijhawm kim heev, kev tsis lees txais cov khoom, lossis kev rho tawm ntawm kev lag luam. Peb tau txheeb xyuas peb cov teeb meem feem ntau los ntawm peb qhov kev paub dhau los hauv kev pabcuam cov neeg xa khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws hauv ntau dua 30 lub tebchaws.

Peb qhov kev pab cuam zoo daws cov teeb meem los ntawm peb qhov kev paub txog kev xa tawm.

Kev Ntsuas Tsuas Yog Cov Khoom Siv Raw

Peb pom ib qho yuam kev uas feem ntau tshwm sim: tsuas yog sim cov ntoo lossis xyoob xwb yam tsis suav nrog peb cov nplaum, txheej, thiab tiav hauv cov qauv sim. Kev ua raws li kev sib cuag zaub mov siv rau peb cov khoom tiav lawm vim nws yuav raug siv, tsis yog rau cov khoom siv raw ib leeg. Lub rooj txiav uas dhau qhov kev sim formaldehyde migration raws li xyoob liab qab yuav ua tsis tiav thaum sim nrog cov nplaum thiab txheej txheej. Peb sim peb cov khoom tiav lawm, tsis yog peb cov khoom siv raw xwb.

Tsis quav ntsej txog Cov Kev Cai Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Lub Tebchaws

Txawm hais tias kev kuaj LFGB feem ntau ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm txhua lub tebchaws uas yog tswv cuab ntawm EU, qee lub tebchaws muaj cov cai ntxiv hauv tebchaws. Piv txwv li, Fabkis muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv uas sib cuag nrog zaub mov uas dhau peb lub moj khaum thoob plaws EU. Ltalis thiab Spain kuj muaj cov kev cai hauv tebchaws uas yuav siv tau rau qee pawg khoom. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum tshawb nrhiav peb cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua lub hom phiaj ua lag luam es tsis txhob xav tias kev ua raws li EU thoob plaws txaus.

Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Xeem Uas Tsis Tau Siv Lawm

Siv cov ntawv qhia kev xeem uas muaj ntau xyoo lawm yuav ua teeb meem yog tias peb lub chaw tsim khoom tau hloov cov neeg muab khoom siv raw, cov tshuaj nplaum, lossis cov txheej txheem txheej txij li thaum kev sim tau ua tiav. Peb xav kom cov neeg xa khoom tuaj xyuas nrog lawv tus neeg muab khoom tias peb cov khoom tsis tau hloov txij li thaum cov ntawv qhia kev xeem tau muab tawm, thiab tias lawv tswj hwm lub sijhawm rau kev rov sim dua.

Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj FSC hauv Txoj Cai Ua Raws Cai

Daim ntawv pov thawj FSC yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua lag luam hauv cov khw muag khoom hauv Tebchaws Europe, qhov chaw uas cov khw muag khoom xws li Aldi, Lidl, thiab Carrefour cog lus rau cov khoom lag luam uas tau los ntawm kev siv khoom ruaj khov. Txawm hais tias nws tsis hais txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj, FSC ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua raws li txoj cai.

Peb liDaim ntawv pov thawj FSC Chain of Custodynpog peb txoj kev yuav thiab muag ntoo, xyoob, thiab ntawv raws li FSC-STD-40-004 v. 3.0, thiab peb daim ntawv pov thawj Global Recycled Standard (GRS) ntxiv ib txheej ntxiv ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom xa tuaj. Rau cov neeg xa khoom tuaj, cov ntawv pov thawj no muab kev ntseeg siab tias cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov khoom tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau lawv qhov chaw, uas txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ob qho tib si LFGB thiab FDA cov kev pab cuam ua raws li. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev kuaj xyuas zaub mov thiab daim ntawv pov thawj kev ruaj khov tsim cov pob khoom ua raws li kev cai uas daws teeb meem kev nyab xeeb thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig.

Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau

Qhov txawv ntawm LFGB thiab FDA kev kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo yog dab tsi?

LFGB yog German Food and Feed Code (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch), uas teeb tsa qee cov qauv nruj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv sib cuag zaub mov hauv European Union. Rau cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo, kev kuaj LFGB tsom mus rau kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw formaldehyde, kev txwv kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw tag nrho, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas kev hnov tsw (tsw thiab saj hloov pauv). Kev ua raws li FDA hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog tswj hwm los ntawm Federal Food, Drug, thiab Cosmetic Act, nrog rau cov cai tshwj xeeb hauv 21 CFR Parts 175-178 uas suav nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis ncaj qha suav nrog cov txheej txheem, cov nplaum, thiab cov polymers uas yuav sib cuag zaub mov. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias LFGB siv ib qho kev txwv kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw tag nrho ntawm 10 mg / dm2 rau txhua yam khoom siv sib cuag zaub mov, thaum FDA ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib rooj plaub-rau-ib rooj plaub los ntawm Kev Ceeb Toom Sib cuag Zaub Mov lossis Threshold of Regulation kev zam. Rau cov neeg xa khoom xa tuaj rau ob lub khw, peb pom zoo kom kuaj xyuas ob qho tib si LFGB thiab FDA cov qauv tib lub sijhawm kom tsis txhob muaj cov nqi kuaj ob zaug thiab xyuas kom meej tias ua raws li ob qho tib si.

Cov kev txwv ntawm formaldehyde migration rau cov laug cam txiav ntoo raws li LFGB yog dab tsi?

Raws li LFGB thiab EU txoj cai tswjfwm dav dav 1935/2004, kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm formaldehyde los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj qhov txwv tshwj xeeb thaum kuaj raws li EN 1186 tus qauv. Rau cov khoom ntoo uas siv rau kev sib cuag zaub mov, qhov txwv kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm formaldehyde feem ntau yog teem rau ntawm 15 mg / kg ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus simulant, uas sib haum nrog cov kev cai ntawm EU Directive 2023/1435. Lub koom haum German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) muab cov lus qhia ntxiv uas feem ntau nruj dua li cov kev cai thoob plaws EU. Rau cov laug cam txiav xyoob thiab ntoo, formaldehyde yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov nplaum siv thaum lub sijhawm lamination lossis hauv cov txheej txheem saum npoo. Peb sim tag nrho peb cov laug cam txiav tawm tsam ob qho tib si EU-thoob plaws kev txwv thiab cov lus qhia nruj dua BfR, kom ntseeg tau tias peb cov khoom ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov lag luam European xav tau tshaj plaws. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum thov cov ntawv qhia txog kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm formaldehyde uas ua los ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam uas tau lees paub siv peb cov khoom noj khoom haus simulants tshwj xeeb uas siv tau rau lawv cov khoom siv.

Cov laug cam txiav xyoob puas xav tau kev pom zoo los ntawm FDA thiaj li muag tau hauv Tebchaws Meskas?

Cov laug txiav xyoob tsis tas yuav tsum tau kev pom zoo los ntawm FDA ua ntej muag, tab sis lawv yuav tsum ua raws li FDA cov cai rau cov khoom siv sib cuag nrog zaub mov. Raws li 21 CFR 170.39, cov ntaub ntawv uas feem ntau lees paub tias muaj kev nyab xeeb (GRAS) rau kev siv sib cuag nrog zaub mov tsis tas yuav tsum tau Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom Sib cuag nrog Zaub Mov. Txawm li cas los xij, cov laug txiav xyoob uas siv cov nplaum, cov txheej, lossis cov xim tiav yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv 21 CFR Qhov 175 (cov khoom ntxiv rau zaub mov tsis ncaj qha: cov nplaum thiab cov khoom ntawm cov txheej) thiab 176 (cov khoom ntxiv rau zaub mov tsis ncaj qha: cov ntawv thiab cov ntawv ntoo). Tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum lav ris lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua raws li txoj cai, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tau txais cov ntawv qhia kev xeem los ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam uas tau lees paub tias cov khoom tsis hloov cov tshuaj lom neeg rau zaub mov raws li cov xwm txheej siv ib txwm muaj. Peb muab cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li txoj cai rau tag nrho peb cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau zaub mov xa mus rau Asmeskas kev lag luam, suav nrog cov ntawv qhia kev xeem uas hais txog FDA 21 CFR cov cai.

Yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xim pleev dab tsi rau cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj uas muaj lacquered lossis varnished?

Cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo uas muaj lacquered lossis varnished yuav tsum tau kuaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem raws li LFGB thiab FDA. Hauv EU, peb qhov kev xeem tseem ceeb yog qhov kev xeem hloov pauv tag nrho uas ua raws li EN 1186-1, uas ntsuas tag nrho cov tshuaj uas hloov pauv los ntawm cov txheej txheem mus rau hauv cov khoom noj sib xws (feem ntau yog dej distilled, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol, thiab roj txiv roj) raws li lub sijhawm thiab qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov txwv kev hloov pauv tag nrho yog 10 mg / dm2. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum tau kuaj kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuaj uas txhawj xeeb, xws li formaldehyde, cov hlau hnyav, thiab cov amines aromatic thawj zaug. Raws li FDA 21 CFR 175.300, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov kev txwv ntawm cov khoom siv uas sib txawv raws li hom khoom noj (aqueous, acidic, alcoholic, lossis fatty) thiab cov xwm txheej siv (kub, lub sijhawm sib cuag). Rau peb cov khoom, peb siv cov txheej txheem dej uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb los ua kom tau raws li ob qho tib si LFGB thiab FDA cov kev cai, thiab peb muab cov ntawv qhia kev xeem los ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam tau lees paub rau txhua pawg khoom.

Cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li txoj cai twg yuav tsum tau thov los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo hauv Suav teb?

Cov neeg xa khoom EU yuav tsum thov kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tiav los ntawm lawv cov neeg muag khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo hauv Suav teb uas suav nrog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv, kev ua raws li txoj cai, thiab kev taug qab cov khoom siv. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb suav nrog: (1) Cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv rau txhua yam khoom siv raw suav nrog ntoo, xyoob, nplaum, txheej, thiab cov khoom tiav; (2) Cov ntawv qhia kev xeem LFGB los ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam tau lees paub xws li SGS, Intertek, lossis Bureau Veritas, uas suav nrog kev hloov pauv tag nrho, kev hloov pauv formaldehyde, thiab kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj txwv; (3) EU Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai (DoC) lees paub kev ua raws li Txoj Cai 1935/2004 thiab txhua yam kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb xws li Txoj Cai 10/2011 rau cov khoom siv yas; (4) Daim ntawv pov thawj FSC Chain of Custody yog tias cov khoom lag luam raug muag raws li qhov chaw tau txais kev ruaj khov; (5) Cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshuaj xyuas Hoobkas lees paub kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo (GMP) raws li tau txhais hauv Txoj Cai 2023/2006; (6) Cov ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom nrog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke; thiab (7) Cov ntawv qhia kev xeem rau cov tshuaj txwv tshwj xeeb xws li cov hlau hnyav, phthalates, thiab azo dyes. Peb khaws cov ntaub ntawv tiav rau tag nrho peb cov khoom thiab tuaj yeem muab cov no rau peb cov neeg xa khoom European thaum thov.

Yuav tsum tau ua dua qhov kev sim ua kom cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj uas ua los ntawm ntoo ntau zaus npaum li cas?

Kev kuaj xyuas kev ua raws li cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj ntoo yuav tsum tau ua dua tshiab thaum twg muaj kev hloov pauv hauv peb cov qauv tsim khoom, cov khoom siv sib xyaw, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, lossis cov neeg muab khoom siv raw. Txawm tias tsis muaj kev hloov pauv, peb pom zoo kom rov ua dua tshiab txhua xyoo ntawm kev kuaj xyuas kev ua raws li kom suav nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab kom nyob twj ywm nrog cov kev cai lij choj uas hloov pauv tas li. Rau cov khoom xa tawm mus rau EU, tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yog tus raug cai lav ris kom ua raws li kev ua raws li, thiab cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas kev ua lag luam tuaj yeem thov cov ntawv qhia kev xeem hloov kho tshiab txhua lub sijhawm. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thaum tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua dua tshiab, FDA xav tias cov ntaub ntawv sib cuag zaub mov txuas ntxiv mus ua raws li cov qauv siv tau thoob plaws lawv lub neej ua lag luam. Peb tswj hwm lub sijhawm kuaj rau tag nrho peb cov khoom uas suav nrog kev rov ua dua tshiab txhua xyoo ntawm cov ntawv qhia kev xeem tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev kuaj ntxiv uas tshwm sim los ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv peb cov saw hlau lossis cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Txoj hauv kev ua ntej no ua kom peb cov neeg xa khoom tuaj ib txwm muaj cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li tam sim no.

Cov khoom xyoob uas tau ntawv pov thawj FSC puas tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ua raws li LFGB lossis FDA?

Daim ntawv pov thawj FSC tsis ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ua raws li LFGB lossis FDA, vim tias cov ntawv pov thawj no hais txog ntau yam ntawm cov khoom. Daim ntawv pov thawj FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) lees paub tias cov ntoo lossis xyoob ntoo los ntawm cov hav zoov uas tswj hwm zoo thiab tias txoj saw hlau khaws cia tau khaws cia thoob plaws hauv cov khoom xa tuaj. Kev ua raws li LFGB thiab FDA, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsom mus rau kev nyab xeeb zaub mov thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv pov thawj FSC tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ua raws li ntau txoj hauv kev. Ua ntej, cov neeg muab khoom uas tau ntawv pov thawj FSC feem ntau muaj cov txheej txheem sau ntawv zoo dua thiab cov khoom xa tuaj pob tshab dua, uas ua rau nws yooj yim dua los nrhiav cov khoom siv keeb kwm thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom xav tau rau kev kuaj xyuas zaub mov. Qhov thib ob, cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas FSC feem ntau sib tshooj nrog cov kev cai ntawm lub kaw lus tswj hwm zoo, uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo uas xav tau raws li EU Txoj Cai 2023/2006. Qhov thib peb, daim ntawv pov thawj FSC ntxiv tus nqi lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov khw muag khoom European uas cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kev ruaj khov cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim siab yuav khoom. Peb daim ntawv pov thawj FSC, ua ke nrog peb cov kev kuaj xyuas zaub mov, muab rau cov neeg xa khoom nrog ob qho tib si kev ruaj khov thiab kev nyab xeeb.

Lus Cim: Peb cov khoom YAWEN yog tsim tawm hauv peb lub chaw tau ntawv pov thawj. Peb sim tag nrho peb cov khoom raws li ob qho tib si LFGB thiab FDA cov qauv. Peb muab peb cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li txoj cai rau peb cov neeg xa khoom tuaj. Tiv tauj peb pab neeg yog tias koj xav tau kev ua raws li txoj cai ntawm cov khoom.

Ray Zhang

Export Manager ntawm Ningbo Yawen International Trading Co., Ltd.

Nrog ntau tshaj 15 xyoo ntawm kev paub hauv kev lag luam xa khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, Ray tswj hwm YAWEN cov kev ua raws cai thiab cov kev pab cuam pov thawj rau cov lag luam thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe, Tebchaws Meskas, Nyiv Pooj, thiab Australia. Nws ua haujlwm ze nrog cov chaw kuaj mob uas tau lees paub kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam khoom YAWEN ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb zaub mov ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Ray muaj daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab hauv Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb los ntawm Ningbo University thiab tau ua tiav kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb hauv cov cai ntawm cov khoom siv sib cuag zaub mov.

Tiv tauj Ray Daim Ntawv Nug

Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-21-2026